Classification of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) incorporates and interrelates morphology, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, and immunologic markers in an attempt to construct a classification that is universally applicable and prognostically valid. In the older French-American-British (FAB) criteria, the classification of AML is solely based upon morphology as determined by the degree of differentiation along different cell lines and the extent of cell maturation.

  1. AML with characteristic genetic abnormalities.
    • AML with t(8; 21)(q22;q22); (AML/ETO).
    • AML with inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13; q22); (CBFβ/MYH11).
    • Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML with t(15;17)(q22; q12); (PML/RARα) and variants).
    • AML with 11q23 (MLL) abnormalities.
  2. AML with an FLT3 mutation (not in the WHO classification scheme).
  3. AML with multilineage dysplasia.
  4. AML and MDS, therapy related.
    • Alkylating agent-related AML and MDS.
    • Topoisomerase II inhibitor-related AML
  5. AML not otherwise categorized.
    • Acute myeloblastic leukemia, minimally differentiated (FAB Classification M0).
    • Acute myeloblastic leukemia without maturation (FAB Classification M1).
    • Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (FAB Classification M2).
    • Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) (FAB Classification M4).
    • Acute monoblastic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia (FAB classifications M5a and M5b).
    • Acute erythroid leukemias (FAB classifications M6a and M6b).
    • Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (FAB Classification M7).
    • AML/transient myeloproliferative disorder in Down syndrome.
    • Acute basophilic leukemia.
    • Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis.
    • Myeloid sarcoma.
  6. Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage.
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